{"id":3632,"date":"2025-05-20T04:54:23","date_gmt":"2025-05-20T04:54:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/?p=3632"},"modified":"2025-08-01T04:11:30","modified_gmt":"2025-08-01T04:11:30","slug":"taqman-probe-va-tieu-chi-thiet-ke-probe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/en\/taqman-probe-va-tieu-chi-thiet-ke-probe\/","title":{"rendered":"TAQMAN PROBE V\u00c0 C\u00c1C TI\u00caU CH\u00cd QUAN TR\u1eccNG KHI THI\u1ebeT K\u1ebe PROBE TRONG REAL TIME PCR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Real-time PCR<\/strong><\/a> (Polymerase Chain Reaction th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA ho\u1eb7c RNA m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb1ng sau s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c probe<\/strong> (\u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, TaqMan Probe<\/a><\/strong> l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t nh\u1edd t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. \u1ede b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a probe, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 TaqMan Probe, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf chu\u1ea9n gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng Real-time PCR hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Probe l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Probe<\/a> <\/strong>(\u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2) trong sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n oligonucleotide (DNA ho\u1eb7c RNA s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n)<\/a> ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang). Probe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA ho\u1eb7c RNA m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed3i (primer) ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi, probe \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t “\u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2” gi\u00fap x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m PCR \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng qua t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng probe bao g\u1ed3m real-time PCR<\/a>, lai t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (in situ hybridization – ISH), microarray, v\u00e0 Southern\/Northern blot. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a probe l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i probe ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn? (T\u1eadp trung TaqMan probe, MGB probe)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i probe kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong Real-time PCR, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i probe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh 2 nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: nh\u00f3m probe th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m probe lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A. Hydrolysis Probes (Probe th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m Hydrolysis Bases ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n probe b\u1edfi ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh 5′-3′ nuclease c\u1ee7a enzyme polymerase.  \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m probe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 TaqMan probe<\/a> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TaqMan probe<\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • Structure:<\/strong> TaqMan probe l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t oligonucleotide s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n c\u00f3 g\u1eafn m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed reporter<\/strong> (ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang) \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u 5′ v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed quencher<\/strong> (d\u1eadp t\u1eaft hu\u1ef3nh quang) \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u 3′. Khi taqman probe c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n, quencher n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n reporter v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do reporter ph\u00e1t ra, khi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u hu\u1ef3nh quang n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> Trong chu k\u1ef3 PCR, sau giai \u0111o\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft c\u1eb7p, c\u1ea3 primer v\u00e0 taqman probe \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n DNA ho\u1eb7c RNA. Khi enzyme Taq polymerase (c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh 5′-3′ nuclease) t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi t\u1eeb primer v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed probe \u0111ang li\u00ean k\u1ebft, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n (c\u1eaft) probe. S\u1ef1 th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng reporter ra xa kh\u1ecfi quencher, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng d\u1eadp t\u1eaft hu\u1ef3nh quang. Reporter t\u1ef1 do gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ra t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u hu\u1ef3nh quang khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u00edch b\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u hu\u1ef3nh quang n\u00e0y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m PCR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y Real-time PCR ghi nh\u1eadn theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    \"H\u00ecnh
    H\u00ecnh 1.<\/em><\/strong> C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a taqman probe<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    MGB Probes (Minor Groove Binder Probes)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: <\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a TaqMan probe. MGB probe c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u1ed3m reporter v\u00e0 quencher, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed MGB (Minor Groove Binder) g\u1eafn \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u 3′ (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi quencher kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang – NFQ). Ph\u00e2n t\u1eed MGB n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0o r\u00e3nh nh\u1ecf (minor groove) c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed7i xo\u1eafn k\u00e9p DNA t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed lai c\u1ee7a probe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      \"H\u00ecnh
      H\u00ecnh 2. <\/strong>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a MGB probes<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: <\/strong>S\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a MGB l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (Tm) c\u1ee7a probe m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c probe ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n (t\u0103ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m SNP – Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o lai hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng PCR th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        B. Hybridization Probes (Probe lai)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        Nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u khi lai v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ecb th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed hu\u1ef3nh quang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Molecular Beacons<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Structure: <\/strong>Oligonucleotide c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng d\u1ea1ng “k\u1eb9p t\u00f3c” (stem-loop). V\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p (loop) ch\u1ee9a tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 lai \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Hai nh\u00e1nh th\u00e2n (stem) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung v\u1edbi nhau, gi\u1eef cho reporter (g\u1eafn \u1edf 1 \u0111\u1ea7u) v\u00e0 quencher (g\u1eafn \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u kia) \u1edf g\u1ea7n nhau khi probe t\u1ef1 do (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          \"H\u00ecnh
          H\u00ecnh 3. <\/strong>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a Molecular beacons probe<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: <\/strong>Khi v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p lai v\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u1eb9p t\u00f3c b\u1ecb “m\u1edf” ra, l\u00e0m reporter v\u00e0 quencher t\u00e1ch xa nhau, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u hu\u1ef3nh quang. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh thu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: <\/strong>R\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 lai \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac; h\u1eefu \u00edch cho ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n SNP v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i (endpoint analysis).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            FRET Probes (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Probes \/ LightCycler\u00ae Probes)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
              \n
            • Structure: <\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p hai probe kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 lai v\u00e0o hai v\u1ecb tr\u00ed g\u1ea7n k\u1ec1 nhau tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. Probe th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (donor) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: FITC) \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u 3′. Probe th\u1ee9 hai (acceptor) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang nh\u1eadn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: LC Red 640\/670\/705) \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u 5′.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
              \"H\u00ecnh
              H\u00ecnh 4. <\/strong>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a FRET probe<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                \n
              • Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: <\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 khi c\u1ea3 hai probe c\u00f9ng lai v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea1nh nhau, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb donor (khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u00edch) m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 sang acceptor (hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng FRET), l\u00e0m acceptor ph\u00e1t ra hu\u1ef3nh quang \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: <\/strong>Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (melting curve analysis) sau PCR \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u gen SNP m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                Scorpions\u00ae Probes<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                  \n
                • Structure: <\/strong>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed lai ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t m\u1ed3i PCR (primer) li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n probe (th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u1eb9p t\u00f3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Molecular Beacon v\u1edbi reporter v\u00e0 quencher). Gi\u1eefa m\u1ed3i v\u00e0 probe c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1eb7n (blocker) \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n polymerase \u0111\u1ecdc qua ph\u1ea7n probe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
                  \"H\u00ecnh
                  H\u00ecnh 5. <\/strong>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a Scorpions probe<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng: <\/strong>Sau khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m PCR trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, \u0111o\u1ea1n probe (gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m) s\u1ebd lai v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh s\u1ee3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ed9i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed – intramolecular). S\u1ef1 lai n\u00e0y l\u00e0m m\u1edf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u1eb9p t\u00f3c, t\u00e1ch reporter v\u00e0 quencher, t\u1ea1o ra t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhanh do l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ed9i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed; \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                    C. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                    LNA\u00ae (Locked Nucleic Acid) Probes<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m: <\/strong>LNA l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nucleotide \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 “kh\u00f3a” c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00f2ng ribose, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u00e1i l\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t (Tm) khi lai v\u1edbi DNA\/RNA. LNA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i probe (TaqMan, Molecular Beacons) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t SNP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                      C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i probe nh\u01b0ng TaqMan v\u00e0 MGB l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      3. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng khi ch\u1ecdn\/thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf probe<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                      Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t probe hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 Real-time PCR ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (Tm – Melting Temperature)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      • Tm c\u1ee7a probe n\u00ean cao h\u01a1n Tm c\u1ee7a m\u1ed3i kho\u1ea3ng 5-10\u00b0C. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o probe ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1eaft c\u1eb7p, li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch khu\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Taq polymerase b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb m\u1ed3i, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh 5′-3′ nuclease di\u1ec5n ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Tm l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 65-70\u00b0C.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                        Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i (Length)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        • Th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb 18 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 nucleotide.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                        • Probe qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u, trong khi probe qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t lai v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. MGB probe cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng probe ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n m\u00e0 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec Tm cao.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                          H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng GC (GC Content)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                            \n
                          • N\u00ean n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 30-80%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng GC \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn Tm. C\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 G v\u00e0 C t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u trong probe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                          • \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/strong> Tr\u00e1nh c\u00f3 Guanine (G) \u1edf ngay \u0111\u1ea7u 5′ (c\u1ea1nh reporter) v\u00ec G c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft hu\u1ef3nh quang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i reporter (nh\u01b0 FAM).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                            Tr\u00e1nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                              \n
                            • Tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i c\u00e1c nucleotide gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 G (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: GGGG), v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng d\u1eadp t\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                            • Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o probe kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 k\u1eb9p t\u00f3c (hairpin) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 b\u1eaft c\u1eb7p v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 (self-dimer) ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft c\u1eb7p v\u1edbi m\u1ed3i (cross-dimer) \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee7. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 lai c\u1ee7a probe v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                              V\u1ecb tr\u00ed g\u1eafn tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00edch<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                \n
                              • Probe n\u00ean lai v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa m\u1ed3i xu\u00f4i v\u00e0 m\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                              • N\u00ean n\u1eb1m c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t trong hai m\u1ed3i c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t (nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                T\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u (Specificity)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

                                Ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 probe b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 BLAST (ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1) tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gen \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 lai duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau mong mu\u1ed1n, kh\u00f4ng lai ch\u00e9o v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gen kh\u00e1c, pseudogenes, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong b\u1ed9 gen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1eb7p Reporter\/Quencher<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                  \n
                                • Ch\u1ecdn c\u1eb7p reporter v\u00e0 quencher ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y Real-time PCR \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u00eanh m\u00e0u\/b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                • C\u00e1c c\u1eb7p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m: FAM\/TAMRA, FAM\/BHQ1, HEX\/BHQ1, Cy5\/BHQ2,… N\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quencher kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang (NFQ – Non-Fluorescent Quencher) nh\u01b0 BHQ (Black Hole Quencher) ho\u1eb7c MGB-NFQ \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                  S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed3i v\u00e0 probe chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng (nh\u01b0 Primer Express, Primer3, IDT PrimerQuest) l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  4. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a probe trong x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                                  Nh\u1edd t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, probe (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 TaqMan probe) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                  Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
                                    \n
                                  • Applications: <\/strong>Probe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n DNA ho\u1eb7c RNA c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 vi khu\u1ea9n, virus, v\u00e0 k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng trong m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m (m\u00e1u, n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt, m\u00f4). C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m real-time PCR v\u00e0 lai t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 (FISH – Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/strong>Probe gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng virus<\/strong>: HPV (Human Papillomavirus – g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung), HBV (Hepatitis B Virus – g\u00e2y vi\u00eam gan B), HCV (Hepatitis C Virus – g\u00e2y vi\u00eam gan C), HIV, Dengue, Influenza, SARS-CoV-2,… Real-time PCR v\u1edbi probe cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 \u0111o t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng virus, gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a li\u1ec7u tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                  • Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n vi khu\u1ea9n:<\/strong> Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (vi khu\u1ea9n lao),…<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                    X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m di truy\u1ec1n \u2013 S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc sinh kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n: (NIPT \u2013 Non invasive prenatal testing)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                      \n
                                    • Applications: <\/strong>Probe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 \u1edf thai nhi th\u00f4ng qua DNA t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a thai nhi (cell-free fetal DNA – cfDNA) trong m\u00e1u m\u1eb9. NIPT th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 Down (trisomy 21), Edwards (trisomy 18), ho\u1eb7c Patau (trisomy 13). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    • Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01a1n gen:<\/strong> Thalassemia (ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen globin), b\u1ec7nh x\u01a1 nang (CF),… Probe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa alen b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 alen \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    • S\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc sinh kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n (NIPT):<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch DNA t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a thai nhi trong m\u00e1u m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Down – trisomy 21) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cho t\u1eebng NST s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng probe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                    • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u gen SNP (SNP Genotyping):<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c probe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cho t\u1eebng alen c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 th\u1ec3, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u li\u00ean h\u1ec7 di truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh, d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd di truy\u1ec1n (pharmacogenomics).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                      Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gen<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                        \n
                                      • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: Probe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gen trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sinh h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m Northern blot, microarray, v\u00e0 real-time RT-PCR.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                      • V\u00ed<\/strong> d\u1ee5: <\/strong>Probe TaqMan ho\u1eb7c MolecularBeacon\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mRNA c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gen li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ung th\u01b0 (nh\u01b0 TP53 ho\u1eb7c HER2) ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c gene c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c nhau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: m\u00f4 b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 m\u00f4 l\u00e0nh, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd thu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a RT-qPCR (Real-time Reverse Transcription PCR).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                        \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                                          \n
                                        • Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gen (GMO):<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gen \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                        • An to\u00e0n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m:<\/strong> Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                        • Ph\u00e1p y:<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng DNA t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                                        • Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ung th\u01b0:<\/strong> Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ung th\u01b0 (nh\u01b0 EGFR, KRAS), theo d\u00f5i t\u1ed3n d\u01b0 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh (MRD).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                                          Probe, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 TaqMan probe, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m Real-time PCR. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c cho c\u1ea3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc. Do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a taqman probe l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m probe t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ty ABT v\u00e0 OligoX lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m probe tinh khi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft lu\u00f4n tr\u00ean 90% khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng HPLC c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thu h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                          <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                          Probe (\u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2) trong sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n oligonucleotide (DNA ho\u1eb7c RNA s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n) ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang). Probe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA ho\u1eb7c RNA m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3653,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,28],"tags":[29,41],"class_list":["post-3632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bai-viet","category-application","tag-oligonucleotide","tag-probe"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/z6815848152807_97ae52aaf2ce4627d1c64679abe26a15.webp","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/z6815848152807_97ae52aaf2ce4627d1c64679abe26a15.webp",1050,550,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/z6815848152807_97ae52aaf2ce4627d1c64679abe26a15-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/z6815848152807_97ae52aaf2ce4627d1c64679abe26a15-300x157.webp",300,157,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/z6815848152807_97ae52aaf2ce4627d1c64679abe26a15-768x402.webp",768,402,true],"large":["https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/z6815848152807_97ae52aaf2ce4627d1c64679abe26a15-1024x536.webp",1024,536,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/z6815848152807_97ae52aaf2ce4627d1c64679abe26a15.webp",1050,550,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/z6815848152807_97ae52aaf2ce4627d1c64679abe26a15.webp",1050,550,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/z6815848152807_97ae52aaf2ce4627d1c64679abe26a15-18x9.webp",18,9,true],"ultp_layout_landscape_large":["https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/z6815848152807_97ae52aaf2ce4627d1c64679abe26a15.webp",1050,550,false],"ultp_layout_landscape":["https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/z6815848152807_97ae52aaf2ce4627d1c64679abe26a15-870x550.webp",870,550,true],"ultp_layout_portrait":["https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/z6815848152807_97ae52aaf2ce4627d1c64679abe26a15-600x550.webp",600,550,true],"ultp_layout_square":["https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/z6815848152807_97ae52aaf2ce4627d1c64679abe26a15-600x550.webp",600,550,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/z6815848152807_97ae52aaf2ce4627d1c64679abe26a15-300x300.webp",300,300,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/z6815848152807_97ae52aaf2ce4627d1c64679abe26a15-600x314.webp",600,314,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/z6815848152807_97ae52aaf2ce4627d1c64679abe26a15-100x100.webp",100,100,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/en\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Probe (\u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2) trong sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n oligonucleotide (DNA ho\u1eb7c RNA s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n) ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t hu\u1ef3nh quang). Probe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n…","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3632"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3632\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3688,"href":"https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3632\/revisions\/3688"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3653"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oligox.abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}